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At about 10 thousand BC, hunter-gatherer societies started to populate Bogota. Stating the first millennium BC, Amerindian groups started to develop a political system called cacicazgos. The two tribes that had the most advanced cacicazgo cultures were the Tayronas of the Caribbean region and the highland Muiscas, considered to have had one of South America's most highly developed political systems after the Incas.
Spanish conquest of the nation began in 1499. Since the beginning of the colonization, the Spanish had been bitterly opposed by the Colombians. Eventually, leaders like Simon Bolivar led a rebellion in the 1800's to achieve independence. Bolivar then became the independent country's first president.
A long history of Marxism followed until the country reached today's Presidential Representative Democratic Government.