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People had been living in stone cities all over Zimbabwe since 400 AD. The most impressive of these is Great Zimbabwe at the heart of the land. The population is made up of Shona speakers until the 19th century when the British government took control of the nation and called it "South Rodesia."
In 1923, the United Kingdom granted the country its own government and prime minister but in 1961, a constitution was drafted to favor European powers. In 1965, the Zimbabwean government unilaterally declared independence, which Great Britain did not recognized until an intervention by the United Nations ended the guerilla struggle and finally held a free elections and declaration of independence in 1980.
Robert Mugabe was Zimbabwe's first president and he stayed in power for 28 years. Initially, he promoted a policy of reconciliation with the whites, but the regions rejected this policy, making them ally with a competing guerilla group.
In recent years, more and more Zimbabweans are leaving their homeland due to a failing economy, inflation that reached up to millions of percentage points, mass unemployment, and severe shortages in basic needs such as food and medicines.