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Widely considered to be the epitome of Deccan rock-cut architecture, the Ellora caves is a complex of 34 cave temples carved out from the face of the Charanandri Hills. Found in the city of Aurangbad in the Indian state Maharashtra, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is invariably dedicated to an astonishing three different religious beliefs: Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain. Thus, it is said to represent a golden period in Indian history when religious tolerance was practiced in earnest.
Probably the highlight of a visit to the Ellora caves is seeing the impressive Kailasa Temple that dwarfs just everything else inside. Dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva, it was carved out from a single massive rock by a staggering 7,000 workers - taking them around 150 years to complete. The result, however, is the world's largest monolithic sculpture - conceptualized to be a replica of the legendary Mt. Kailash, believed to be the god's abode.
It is also unique in having been made in a distinct "vertical excavation" style, meaning that the carvers started from the very top and worked their way down. The temple is adorned by various statues and shrines, one of the most famous being that depicting the Ramayana figure Ravana attempting to lift Mt. Kailash.
Other Hindu temples consist of the Dashavatara cave which embellishes images of the 10 avataras of the god Vishnu, as well as the Ramesvara cave which contains sculptures of the river goddesses Ganga and Yamuna. The Buddhist caves, on the other hand, are considered to be the oldest among all the structures present, characterized by numerous monasteries and a certain wood-like effect to the carving style. The most popular of these is probably the so-called "Carpenter's Cave", which takes pride in its 15-foot image of the great Buddha depicting him in a preaching position.
The Jain temples collectively number the least among the three beliefs and are generally smaller, although they are in fact more detailed and exquisitely-carved. The most arresting among them is the Indra Sabha Temple which contains a masterful sculpture of a lotus flower. There is also a statue of the deity Ambika riding her lion beneath a mango tree.
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