Armenia was known as the gateway to the Middle East as part of the Silk Road, the making it susceptible to centuries invasion by the Roman, Arab, Ottoman, Byzantine and Persian Empires. It is recorded as the world's first and oldest Christian nation, becoming so in 301 AD. The country endured many sufferings at the hands of its conquerors, especially during the genocide in the 1800s, when more than 1.5 million of its people were massacred by the Ottoman Empire. In 1920, it formed an alliance with its neighbor states to form the Soviet Union. When it finally dissolved, the country declared its independence in 1991.
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