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The Glossary
The historically important, ancient city of Butrint, one of the oldest settlements in Europe, is in southwest Albania regally overlooking the great Mediterranean Sea. Populated right from those misty prehistoric times, it boasts of an incredibly long history spanning thousands of years - at some point having been a Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Venetian territory. As such, it owns an incredibly rich cultural and historical heritage, as attested by the plethora of monuments, archaeological sites and museums dotting most of its landscape. It is almost impossible for one to traverse the city without stumbling upon at least one of them, and that is precisely what makes it a perfect destination for tourists and the history enthusiasts.
The city is said to have been established in the 12th century. Its peculiar strategic location on the map has made it an excellent location for a military stronghold. Under the Illyrians, it was built as a fortress with a massive 870-meter long wall and heavy gates. It was, however, overrun in 228 BC by the Romans who developed the city and erected aqueducts, villages, Roman baths and forum complexes. The area was subjected to many wars and conflicts in subsequent years, damaging most of its infrastructure. It finally became a part of Albania in 1912. The year 1992 saw it being elevated to the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and it has undergone major rehabilitation and reconstruction attempts after that.
Tourists visiting the city can find many striking Roman architectural remains, such as a Roman amphitheater, a basilica said to be one of the largest on the planet, Roman temples - especially the one featuring an impressive but mostly unexcavated mosaic floor - and a notable lion's gate that had been masterfully made. All of these are located inside the vast Butrint National Park, a site specifically established with the intention of preserving the city's glorious heritage, protecting it as well as Albanian law can do.
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